@Laura Rainbow Dragon your question gives me the opportunity to break this combo down a little.
Push-ups are a dynamic movement (a.k.a. isotonic exercise) meaning the angle of the muscles relative to the joint changes for both the shoulder and the elbow going to max tires specific muscle settings (i.e. muscle angle to joint positions). So you should go to the end of that as you're intended to. Now, holding the push up position afterwards is a static exercise (a.k.a. isomeric exercise). It fixes the muscles to joint angle in one position and you're required to hold it. Muscles generate strength by engaging more muscle fibers. If we were to break this down even more it goes something like this: muscle is made up of sarcomeres, which are the smallest functional units of muscle tissue. Sarcomeres, in turn, do their work in tensing and generating power and relaxing and releasing power through the creation of cross-bridges between actin and myosin (these are proteins) which form a new protein complex called actomyosin. The best way to visualize the cross-bridge formation is in thinking in terms of velcro hooks and loops. As the striated elements of the muscle slide past each other a number of cross-bridges are formed. The number of cross-bridges formed is relative to the load experienced by the muscle. So, for instance, when you first start to do push-ups the number of cross-bridges being formed is lower because you are fresher and, as you progress, and get tired more and more cross-bridges are being recruited until you have reached your perceived limit and cannot do any more.
The key elements here are two: first, because the move is dynamic the load varies and the number of cross-bridges being engaged at any one time also varies. Secondly perceived fatigue (the point at which you can no longer do another push up) is not your body's true fatigue point.
When you go from the dynamic exercise (push-ups) to the static one (push-up hold) you basically recruit for the exercise different cross-bridges to what you recruited before and you force sarcomeres to signal they need to adapt for greater endurance at this particular point. So, despite the fact that you're already tired, you still have the capacity to hold a static push-up. If you can't just yet that is a sign that the sarcomeres have not adapted sufficiently. Give it time and be patient.
We get stronger by increasing sarcomere length and thickness and thereby becoming capable of generating more cross-bridges when necessary. The more cross-bridges we can bring into play casually the greater strength capacity.
I have probably explained this in more detail than you anticipated but like I said, it was an opportunity.